![]() ![]() Arches natural grain features evenly distributed fibers that slacken uniformly. This fine art paper from Arches is mouldmade in France and is considered the most popular watercolor paper in the world. Less-expensive papers may contain wood pulp or a combination of cotton and other cellulose fibers. Arches Watercolor Travel Journal 140lb, Cold Press, 6' x 10'. Artist-grade sketchbooks often contain heavyweight handmade or mouldmade papers made from 100% cotton-also known as “rag.” These papers are often archival quality, meaning they offer resistance to elements that can degrade artwork over time. They are a cost-effective option for beginning artists and often contain machine-made papers suitable for experimenting. Student-grade sketchbooks can be spiral-bound or glue-bound. Arches Watercolor Travel Journal, 10 x 6, 140 lb., 15 Shts./Pkg.These spiral-bound journal pads contain 15 sheets of cold-press 140 lb. STRATHMORE Watercolour Book Strathmore - 400 Series - Hardcover. The type you choose will depend on your skill level, budget, and needs. Arches Watercolour Paper Arches - Watercolour Paper - Bright White - Cold Press - 140lb -. Arches Watercolor Paper Natural White 4.9 258 Reviews Q&A 2 Save Up to 45 Off list Save Instantly From 34.87 - 541.12 From Price 42.63 To Price 661. Watercolor sketchbooks and journals feature a wide range of paper grades and thicknesses. Arches Watercolor Travel Journal 140lb, Cold Press, 6' x 10' The same Arches fine art paper you love, now in a travel-ready notebook This fine art paper from Arches is mouldmade in France and is considered the most popular watercolor paper in the world. Watercolor sketchbooks and journals contain watercolor paper that is specially made to absorb layers of water and media without breaking down or buckling. Please review our complete Shipping Policy information from the link in the footer for more details.Wondering whether you need a watercolor sketchbook? If plan to create on the go and use even light washes of watercolor (or any other water-based media) in your artwork, the answer is yes. We aim to make the shipping charge as cost effective as possible and to ensure you receive your art supplies in good condition. We recommend that you consider purchasing a minimum of 5 sheets or pack quantities to both save on purchase price and shipping charges. Ideal for watercolor, ink, gouache, and acrylic, this wire-bound journal is filled with 15 sheets of 100 cotton, acid-free 140 lb (300 gsm) paper that has a fungicidal treatment to prevent the appearance of mold. ![]() Arches Watercolor Paper - Full Sheet (22 x 29 7/8) - 185gsm - Cold Press. Extra packing will be used to ship it safely and although we do not charge for this, there may be an increase in logistics charges. Arches Watercolor Travel Journal Arches + 1 Create beautiful art wherever you are with the Arches Watercolor Travel Journal. Journal, Drawing & Sketching Other Tools, Empty Pans, Eraser, Framing Tools, Gift. Paper is a fragile product, and our goal is to ensure it arrives to you safely. ARCHES AQUARELLE TRAVEL JOURNAL 300GSM, 15 SHEETS, 15 X 25CM, COLD PRESS 15 sheets ARCHES Aquarelle 100 cotton rag paper, 300 gsm cold pressed, natural. For example Dangerous Goods classified products or products over 1.5 metres in length will incur a minimum surcharge of $60. Depending on the contents of the parcels varying surcharges may apply to the shipping applied to your order. The ARCHES ® Aquarelle travel journal has been eagerly awaited by numerous watercolourists. Our preferred logistics provider then is Toll. Occasionally the weight or dimensions of your parcel exceed the restrictions applied by Australia Post. Our preferred logistics supplier is Australia Post.
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![]() Generally, individual and group life insurance policies, health insurance policies, annuities, and funding agreements issued by life and health insurance companies licensed to do business in New York State are covered by the New York Guaranty Corporation. For more information about coverage or if you have a lost or old policy, call us at 21 or email us at contracts are covered? Limits on benefits and coverage are established by state law. The New York Guaranty Corporation covers individual policyholders or annuity holders and their beneficiaries, persons holding certificates of insurance issued under group insurance policies or group annuities, payees under structured settlement annuities, and employers or others who own group annuity contracts or funding agreements. ![]() All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have life insurance guaranty associations or corporations. If a member company becomes impaired or insolvent, money to continue coverage and pay claims is obtained through assessments of the guaranty corporation's other member insurance companies. All life and health insurance companies licensed in New York to write life and health insurance are required, as a condition of doing business in the state, to be members of the guaranty corporation. The Life and Health Insurance Company Guaranty Corporation of New York (the New York Guaranty Corporation) was created by the New York Legislature in 1985 to protect New York state residents who are policyholders and beneficiaries of policies issued by an impaired or insolvent life and health insurance company, up to specified limits. “I found riders that were more expensive from lesser-rated but strong companies, and riders that were more generous at a similar price, but none of which had the same rating as New York Life,” he said.What is the Life Insurance Company Guaranty Corporation of New York? Alexander found the Clear Income rider to be on par with what’s available in the indexed annuity market, but he added that advisers need to consider rider fees and insurer ratings when comparing products. Whether a client will end up with better results in a fixed annuity with a living benefit and roll-ups or in an indexed strategy with a cap and similar living benefit features is less clear, however, he said. “This would be for someone who is conservative, closer to retirement and looking for a guaranteed floor of income at retirement,” Mr. Both products are aimed at similar consumers. Given the novelty of the New York Life product, Jeremy Alexander, president of Beacon Research, noted that it would be logical to compare it to what’s available in the indexed annuity market. Moderate allocation and conservative allocation were in first and second place, respectively, for where variable annuity net assets were invested.Ĭlear Income came out in October, but has not been announced. ![]() show that during the third quarter of 2014, fixed accounts ranked third in terms of market share of total net VA assets, accounting for 9.34% of assets. Goldstein noted that while variable annuities offer upside opportunity, since clients can invest in the equity markets, investors tend to put a large portion of their VA assets in fixed accounts, which credit a fixed rate of interest. Given the combination of Clear Income’s rates and roll-up, “our guaranteed product compares favorably to the variable annuity,” Mr. “We think about the variable annuity market, which is still $80 billion a year in sales,” said Ross Goldstein, managing director at New York Life’s retail annuities marketing division. The life insurer has its eyes on the market for variable annuities with living benefits. The withdrawal rate is tiered and sits at 5.25% for clients aged 65 to 69. ![]() That additional feature costs 75 basis points. What’s different is that the insurer is offering a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit, a feature that grows clients’ income benefit base - the notional number used to calculate withdrawal benefit payments - for up to 10 years at 5%. The surrender schedule for the product spans seven years. New York Life Insurance Co.’s Clear Income acts like a traditional fixed-rate annuity: It grants a guaranteed initial interest rate for a seven-year period, after which clients are up for an interest rate that renews every year. And it might be a good competitor against a number of existing variable and indexed annuities. Here’s something you don’t see every day: a fixed deferred annuity with a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit. ![]() If the FTP session indicates access to areas of the system other than the specific folder for FTP data, such as the root of the drive, Program Files or Windows directories, this is a finding.Ĭonfigure the system to only allow FTP access to specific folders containing the data to be available through the service. (Substituting with password for the account attempting access.) If you have previously installed the IIS role without FTP support, this article walks you through setting it up. This article will show you how to install and connect to an FTP server on your Windows 2012 R2 server. If it was determined that anonymous access was allowed to the site, also review access using "anonymous".) Installation Requirements Before you install FTP, you must add the IIS 8.x role to the Windows Server 2012 (R2) instance. Follow this step by step guide for FTP server configuration on Windows Server 2012 Edition. (Substituting with an account identified that is allowed access. Setting up this server on Win Server 2012 is quick and easy. If no IP Address was listed in the Binding, attempt using "localhost".) (Substituting and with the information previously identified. Note: Returned results may vary depending on the FTP server software. The standard port for FTP is 21, however this may be changed.Īccess the FTP site and review accessible directories with the following commands: If Microsoft FTP is used, open "Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager".įor any sites that reference FTP, view the Binding information for IP address and port. You may want to install a secure FTP server on Windows either as standalone file storage or to have means of editing your website hosted on IIS (Internet Information Services) web server. If FTP is not installed on the system, this is NA.ĭetermine the IP address and port number assigned to FTP sites from documentation or configuration. ![]() Microsoft Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 Member Server Security Technical Implementation Guideĭetails Check Text ( C-27137r471656_chk ) Before you can begin configuring your FTP server, you first need to install the required Windows features: FTP, the Web Server (IIS), and the Management Tools to administer it with PowerShell. Access outside of the specific directories of shared data could provide access to system resources and compromise the system. The FTP service allows remote users to access shared files and directories. ![]() They should, at least, be able to understand how these algorithmic systems reach decisions, and even help assess what legal problems arise from using AI. ![]() ![]() ![]() “But it’s the judges’ responsibility to ensure the transparency of the judicial process. “AI can be a valuable ‘sparring partner’ for judges, and even reduce biases in the criminal-justice system,” he says. That’s not to say that the sentence was wrong, or that algorithmic tools can’t be used to positive effect, Vetzo notes. In this case, when the lawyers appealed the decision, the judge couldn’t explain how the system reached that outcome.” Vetzo: “Fundamental rights law guarantees defendants to rebut and fight a judge’s decision. The algorithm in question classified the defendant as a ‘high risk’ of recidivism, so the then 35-years old was sentenced to six years of prison. That’s what happened when a judge in Wisconsin relied on an algorithmic tool called COMPAS to decide on the sentence of a man who was found driving a car involved in a shooting. What could happen is an affront to people’s rights, says legal scholar at Utrecht University Max Vetzo. The bad – using AI to overrule human decisionsīut what happens when users aren’t involved and don’t know how an AI ‘second opinion’ came about? This ensures better acceptance and trust.” It’s also important to note that the end users of the decision-support system –medical doctors– have been actively involved in its design. Oncologists are still responsible for the diagnosis, Gilhuijs remarks, but “they use the computer as a tool, just as they might use a statoscope. “We want to improve it even further to aid radiologists, by enabling them to focus on cases that require greater human judgement.” “We have now shown that the AI-powered system can reduce the number of false positives down to 64% without missing any cancer,” says Gilhuijs, in whose lab the algorithm was trained on a database of MRIs from 4,873 women in The Netherlands who had taken part in Van Gils’s study. “If the number of biopsies on benign lesions can be reduced, that would alleviate the burden on women and clinical resources,” Gilhuijs thought. Adding MRI to standard mammography detected approximately 17 additional breast cancers the downside being, 87.3% of the total number of lesions referred to additional MRI or biopsy were false-positive for cancer. The idea came after a study, led by his colleague and cancer epidemiologist Carla van Gils, suggested adopting Magnetic Resolution Imaging (MRI) in screening of women with extremely dense breasts could help reduce breast-cancer mortality in this group. Because how can we ever trust systems whose decisions we don't understand? How will we account for wrongdoings? And can they be prevented? Since the 1980s, Utrecht University has been building a diverse community of experts to ‘unbox’ artificial intelligence to allow the promises of this technological revolution to emerge. “People want someone to blame, but we haven’t reached a universal agreement yet.”Īs a society, discussing what these artificial intelligent systems should or should not do is essential before they start crowding our roads – and virtually every other aspect of our lives. “So, what if an autonomous car injures or kills someone? Who should be held responsible: Is it the distracted person sitting behind the self-driving wheel? The authorities that allowed the car on the road? Or the manufacturer who set up the preferences to save the passenger at all costs?” raises Nyholm, who penned an influential paper about the pressing ethics of accident-algorithms for autonomous vehicles. Many algorithmic systems are a ‘black box’: information goes in, and decisions come out, but we have little idea how they arrived at those decisions. Knowing how AI systems reach decisions isn’t always clear or straightforward. Do not send the letters directly to the judge, the court, the prosecutor, or anyone else. Send the letters ONLY TO THE DEFENSE ATTORNEY. You want the judge to know that you are writing the letter and supporting the defendant, even knowing what they have done. If you do not mention that you are aware of the offense, it will look like the defendant hid it from you and is not taking responsibility. When writing your letter, include the following:Īlso, include that you are aware of the conviction. It should be no longer than one page and should be signed. The character letter for sentencing should include the author’s name, address, and telephone number. A letter from a professional or work associate should be on company letterhead. If you write a character or sentencing letter to a Court, address the letter to “The Honorable John Smith” or “Judge Smith.” The body of the letter should start with “Dear Judge Smith.” You should type the letter if possible. Make the Character Letter Attractive, Respectful, and Easy to Read Although brevity is essential, someone writing a character letter must provide sufficient details to help the judge or prosecutor appreciate the defendant’s good character traits. For example, “She volunteers her time with underprivileged children teaching them to read,” or “A few years ago, I recall she bought a sandwich for a child in line at McDonald’s that didn’t have enough money to pay his bill.” These are examples of things that can bring the person you are writing about to life and impact the sentencing Court. Use examples, illustrations, and stories from your relationship to help the sentencing judge learn about the “real” person. Letters that give examples and demonstrate commendable character traits will be more persuasive. Anyone can say someone has great qualities, but one or two brief examples are necessary to paint a credible picture. General comments like “hard-working, energetic, loyal, or generous” carry little impact if not backed up by objective facts. Make the Person’s Character Come to Life with Personal Examples The letter’s authenticity will be questionable if no name or contact information exists. ![]() ![]() A character letter must also be signed and contain the author’s address and phone number or email address. ![]() The most influential letters will be concise, typed, and dated. A letter will stand out if the author knows the defendant and the letter is credible and personal. Letters from people who know or work with the defendant can carry substantial weight with the judge determining the sentence. Writing a Persuasive Character Letter or Sentencing RecommendationĪ great character letter for sentencing is often beneficial when someone faces sentencing for a misdemeanor or felony offense. A Few Steps to Writing a Great Character or Support Letter Writing a great character letter for sentencing or supporting a plea bargain request is easy if you follow a few simple rules. ![]() C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Blue Coat K9 Web Protection\Blue Coat K9 Web Protection Admin.lnk.C:\Program Files\Blue Coat K9 Web Protection\uninst.exe.C:\Program Files\Blue Coat K9 Web Protection\UIHelper.exe.C:\Program Files\Blue Coat K9 Web Protection\k9filter.exe.Kill the following processes and delete the appropriate files: To get rid of K9 Web Protection, you should:ġ. Additionally missing DLL's should be restored from distribution in case they are corrupted by K9 Web Protection. This problem can be solved manually by deleting all registry keys and files connected with K9 Web Protection, removing it from starup list and unregistering all corresponding DLLs. Technical details of K9 Web Protection threat.ĭownload WiperSoft Antispyware Malware Remediation Tool. Threat's description and solution are developed by Security Stronghold security team. Trouble-free tech support with over 10 years experience removing malware. Support team will offer you solution in several minutes and give a step-by-step instruction on how to remove K9 Web Protection. Submit support ticket below and describe your problem with K9 Web Protection. Let our support team solve your problem with K9 Web Protection and remove K9 Web Protection right now! Removal is guaranteed - if Spyhunter Remediation Tool fails ask for FREE support.Ģ4/7 Helpdesk Support and 5 hours of Remote Support via GoToAssist included into the package. "Toolbar Remover" tool will help you get rid of unwanted browser extensions. Removes all registry entries created by K9 Web Protection.įixes browser redirection and hijack if needed. Removes all files created by K9 Web Protection. Removal is guaranteed - if Wipersoft fails ask for FREE support.Ģ4/7 Spyware Helpdesk Support included into the package.ĭownload Spyhunter Remediation Tool by Enigma Softwareĭownload antimalware designed specifically to remove threats like K9 Web Protection and k9filter.exe (download of fix will start immediately): Download AntiMalware to remove K9 Web Protection Features of Spyhunter Remediation Tool You can activate System and Network Guards and forget about malware.Ĭan fix browser problems and protect browser settings. Removes all registry entries created by viruses. To remove malware, you have to purchase the full version of Wipersoft. Trial version of Wipersoft provides detection of computer viruses for FREE. Remover has active module to protect PC from hijackers, trojans, ransomware and other viruses. * WiperSoft Antispyware was developed to remove threats like K9 Web Protection in automatic mode. Or you can use programs to remove K9 Web Protection automatically below.ĭownload this advanced removal tool and solve problems with K9 Web Protection and k9filter.exe (download of fix will start immediately): Download WiperSoft Antispyware to remove K9 Web Protection If you have further questions about K9 Web Protection, please call us on the phone below. Also, it can create folder with name K9 Web Protection under C:\Program Files\ or C:\ProgramData. You can also find it in your processes list with name k9filter.exe or K9 Web Protection. Then it creates new startup key with name K9 Web Protection and value k9filter.exe. K9 Web Protection copies its file(s) to your hard disk. ![]() Win32/Win64 (Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1, Windows 10) ![]() If Kint's output is fast enough, then you can play with the above setting raising it to 4 or 5. '././vendor/kint-php/kint/src/Kint.php') Open the settings.php or, better if enabled, the and paste the following code: Additional steps to make Kint work flowlessly Let's make Kint faster! Voilà! However, since Kint can be notoriously slow and it's output impossible to search, there is more to the installation process, so keep reading. Straight to the point, the only proper way of getting Kint installed on a Drupal 9 setup is to run:Īnd that finally makes you able to set Kint as a variable dumper with the kint($variable) command in your custom modules or theme templates. Wrapper for Kint debugging tool with extra plugins. You may need to install external dependencies for use this plugin. However, executing the drush en devel_kint_extras command unfortunately didn't make available the greyed out options for Kint on the /admin/config/development/devel page: drupal/core require doctrine/common ^2.7 -> found doctrine/common but it conflicts with your root composer.json require (^3.1).Īt this point I noticed that the Devel module's homepage doesn't say anything about Kint module, but references the Devel Kint Extras module as a related one. drupal/core require doctrine/common ~2.4.2 -> found doctrine/common but it conflicts with your root composer.json require (^3.1). drupal/core 8.0.0-beta6 requires doctrine/common dev-master#a45d110f71c323e29f41eb0696fa230e3fa1b1b5 -> found doctrine/common but it does not match the constraint. drupal/core require doctrine/common ^2.5 -> found doctrine/common but it conflicts with your root composer.json require (^3.1). drupal/core require doctrine/common 2.5.* -> found doctrine/common but it conflicts with your root composer.json require (^3.1). drupal/kint require drupal/core ~8.0 -> satisfiable by drupal/core. Running composer update drupal/kint -with-all-dependencies Ok, let's give it a try with the proposed -with-all-dependencies option:Ĭomposer require drupal/kint -with-all-dependencies composer.lock to their original content. Use the option -with-all-dependencies (-W) to allow upgrades, downgrades and removals for packages currently locked to specific versions. Root composer.json requires drupal/kint ^2.1 -> satisfiable by drupal/kint. ![]() drupal/kint 2.x-dev is an alias of drupal/kint dev-2.x and thus requires it to be installed too. Make sure you list it as an argument for the update command. drupal/kint require drupal/core ~8.0 -> found drupal/core but the package is fixed to 9.2.2 (lock file version) by a partial update and that version does not match. Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages. Loading composer repositories with package information Which means it should be possible to download it with just firing up the composer require drupal/kint command, right? However here is the log: This module is oficially part of Devel 8.x module. Now, the official page of Kint module at does not mention Drupal 9 yet, however thanks to core's compatibility layer we can use Drupal 8 modules on Drupal 9 websites, and since the same page states: So you install and enable it with Composer and Drush as any other Drupal 9 module: There is no problem with installing the Devel module as it already has versions released specifically for Drupal 9. It is easy to use, powerful and customizable and makes an essential addition to your development toolbox. Kint - a powerful and modern PHP debugging tool designed to present your debugging data in very convenient way replacing var_dump() and debug_backtrace(). Devel also features Drush integration and provides several custom Drush commands. The Devel module includes the Webprofiler, Devel generate and Kint modules. Develĭevel is a popular module containing a variety of developer and debugging tools that make it breeze to perform common development tasks. Now, first let's get to definitions of both development modules. ![]() ![]() And because most of tutorials found online on the subject turned out to be buggy, outdated and/or obsolete, for posterity reasons I decided to log the installation steps that worked for me.Ĭomposer require drupal/devel kint-php/kint I was recently setting up my local development environment for a new Drupal 9 project and despite abundance of documentation, couldn't get the Devel and Kint properly working at once. ![]() Tasting notes: Creamy and spreadable like boursin, tangy and salty in a good. Miyoko’s Double Cream Chive Vegan Cheese Wheel. Great creamy texture with a mild acid tang. Melting notes: N/A Overall verdict: This one is quite good. The results are in and these are 15 of the best dairy-free, plant-based vegan cheeses we could find. Tasting notes: Creamy with a slight tang. We recommend using the plain unsweetened (in the case of our almond milk yogurt) and plain cream cheese as opposed to the flavored versions when swapping in Kite Hill for the first time. The Women’s Health test kitchen (with the help of WH editors, co-workers, and friends) tasted every kind of cheese you could think of including cheese blocks, cheese dips, cheese sauces, cheese slices, cheese spreads, cream cheese, and queso. Just about any recipe that calls for dairy yogurts, cream cheeses, or ricotta can be made using our almond milk versions. “Ingredients vary based on the brand, with some vegan cheeses based on a blend of oils and starches and others created from plant-based milk like cashew, coconut, or oat milk.”įrom coconut oil-based cheeses to nut-based cheeses to tofu as the star of the show, our team put more than 80 different cheese-less cheeses through the wringer, errr, grater. Instead, she explains that vegan cheeses are made from plant-based ingredients meant to mimic the color, flavor, and texture of dairy cheese. “Cheese is an animal-based product traditionally made from dairy products such as cow's milk, goat milk, or sheep milk, meaning that cheese is not naturally vegan,” explains Stephanie Wells, RDN, owner of Thyme to Go Vegan Nutrition Services, a private practice specializing in vegan and plant-based nutrition. Meet the expert: Stephanie Wells, RDN, is the owner of Thyme to Go Vegan Nutrition Services, a private practice specializing in vegan and plant-based nutrition. ![]() While a variety of cheeses that are made for vegans have hit the market, not every brand has perfected the exact taste and texture of dairy-free or plant-based cheese-but some have come pretty darn close. Some may have been easy to eighty-six from your life, but others were undoubtedly a bit more challenging. Whether you practice a plant-based lifestyle or are fully vegan, you have probably ditched a number of foods, like dairy, meat, and seafood. ![]() Looking to go all-electric? This June, the 2023 Hyundai Ioniq 6 sedan leases for $399 a month for three years with $4,999 required upfront. The 2023 Subaru Ascent leases for $359 a month for three years with $3,259 due at signing, while the 2023 Toyota Sienna lease deal rings in at $399 per month over three years with a $3,999 down payment. ![]() If three-row seating is a must, consider options like a midsize SUV or minivan. Mazda's top-ranking compact SUV, the 2023 CX-5, can be yours for $299 each month for three years with $2,999 down. For instance, the 2023 Kia Forte, a compact car, is leasing for just $199 per month for two years with $3,018 due at signing, while the 2023 Honda HR-V, a subcompact SUV, leases for $259 a month for three years with $3,399 required upfront.įor a little more, you can upgrade to the midsize 2023 Hyundai Sonata sedan for $269 per month for three years with $3,499 due when you sign. Shop for a small vehicle if you’re looking for the cheapest lease deals this June. We’ve looked through hundreds of lease deals this month and feature some of the best incentives below. ![]() You can save even more money with an automaker’s advertised lease deal. The big takeaway is that you’re apt to pay a lot less to lease a new car than to buy one. The majority of your lease payments are used to offset the vehicle’s depreciation over the course of the lease, unlike when you buy a car and finance the entire cost of the vehicle. Think of leasing as renting a car for a few years. Leasing is one of the most cost-effective ways to park a new car, truck or SUV in your driveway this June. ![]() Figure reviews the various substitutions required when removing an ideal source and Figure reviews the substitutions with practical sources that have an internal resistance. Any internal resistance or conductance associated with the displaced sources is not eliminated but must still be considered. To remove a voltage source when applying this theorem, the difference in potential between the terminals of the voltage source must be set to zero (short circuit) removing a current source requires that its terminals be opened (open circuit). ![]() To consider the effects of each source independently requires that sources be removed and replaced without affecting the final result. To kill a voltage source means the voltage source is replaced by its internal resistance whereas to kill a current source means to replace the current source by its internal resistance. It may be noted that each independent source is considered at a time while all other sources are turned off or killed. Where I= total current = current due to E1 source = current due to E2 source = current due to Is sourceĪccording to the application of the superposition theorem. The problem is to determine the response I in the in the resistor R2. One may consider the resistances R1 and R3 are the internal resistances of the voltage sources whereas the resistance R4 is considered as internal resistance of the current source. Superposition theorem can be explained through a simple resistive network as shown in figure and it has two independent practical voltage sources and one practical current source. In any linear bilateral network containing two or more independent sources (voltage or current sources or combination of voltage and current sources ), the resultant current voltage in any branch is the algebraic sum of currents / voltages caused by each independent sources acting along, with all other independent sources being replaced meanwhile by their respective internal resistances. Step 2: – Consider $1\angle 0^\circ$ V voltage source, replace $1\angle 0^\circ$ A current source as open circuit, shown in Figure 2.The superposition theorem states that in any linear network containing two or more sources, the response (current) in any element is equal to the algebraic sum of the response (current) caused by individual sources acting alone, while the other sources are inoperative. Step 1: – Consider 12 V voltage source, replace 24 V voltage source as a short circuit and 3 A current source as an open circuit in Figure 1. Q For the given network, find the current I using superposition theorem. Superposition theorem Example based on the DC circuit Algebraically add the results of each source.Repeat step-1 for each independent source.Select any one independent source and do the calculation for voltage or current due to this source.Procedure (steps) for applying Superposition Theorem:. voltage source replaced by a short circuit and current source replaced by an open circuit while retaining all the dependent sources as they are. Deactivation means all the independent sources are replaced by their internal resistances i.e. Superposition theorem states that in a linear bilateral network containing more than one independent source, the response in any element is the sum of the response obtained with one source acting at a time and other source being deactivated. ![]() After reading this Superposition theorem topic of electric or network circuits, you will understand the theory, limitations, also able to apply it in ac and dc circuits numerical problems. |
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